Learning Disabilities
Music Therapy for those with learning disabilities
Music therapy is a unique intervention as it has the ability to work on physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and communication goals all in one space.
Music therapists are trained to work with both functional and psychological therapeutic goals, so are fully equipped to support those with learning disabilities however is most appropriate for their level of need.
Working in a non-verbal medium can offer learning disabled people a new and creative way to relate to those around them, nurturing communication skills, emotional expression and regulation, and independence. Music therapy can allow clients to build confidence and self-esteem, promoting a positive sense of self and an opportunity to discover skills and achieve new things.
The physical act of playing instruments can additionally be a highly motivating factor for encouraging movement, with instruments offering the opportunity to work on fine and gross motor skills, co-ordination, strength, and physical gestures such as reaching, pointing, and gripping. Music therapists are able to integrate these things into sessions in subtle and engaging ways, meaning it feels less like an exercise and more of a by-product of their musical experience.
Use of voice is also a key aspect to work with learning disabilities. Whether the client is verbal or non verbal, encouraging vocalisations through songs and improvised music can be a great way to encourage self-expression and communication. Music therapists can work with pre-composed songs or improvised vocal music to enable the client to discover their voice and feel confident using it.
Adolescent with four limb cerebral palsy
The music therapist provides a selection of instruments that can create loud sounds with minimal music such as gongs, chimes, or electronic instruments via apps. The ability to create sound with movement gives the client a sense of control and independence, and provides a strong motivation for the client to move and communicate. Creating music can also be a way for the client to communicate a broad range of emotions and have their communications responded to in a new and creative way that doesn't rely on words.
Practical Examples
Child with delayed speech
The music therapist sings a nursery rhyme chosen by the child, and leaves gaps for them to make spontaneous vocalisations or sing words. The predictable structure of the songs allows the client to feel safer engaging and more likely to use their voice, building confidence and self-esteem, as well as allowing the child to experiment with key aspects of voice such as rhythm, pitch, and volume.
Non-verbal client
The music therapist matches/ mirrors, and expands on verbal vocalisations made by the client. By hearing their vocalisations repeated and built upon, the client can experience mutual connection and validation. It builds self-awareness and foundational communication skills such as turn taking, as well as the therapist being able to model new ways of using the voice for the client to explore.
Adult with cognitive impariement
The client struggles with memory and sequencing. The music therpist collaborates with the client to create songs about how to complete everyday tasks such as making tea, getting dressed. The use of melody and repetition increases the chance of sequences being remembered, while the familiar structure and act of singing reduces anxiety. This supports the client to be more independant outside the session.
Learning disabled adult and wheelchair user
The music therapist adjusts the layout of the room to ensure instruments are accessible at waist height so the client has maximum autonomy. The flexibility of musical improvisation allows the client to lead the music while the therapist provides musical support. By taking on the role of 'soloist' the client can experience independence, taking a leading role, and meaningful self-expression leading to increased confidence and a stronger sense of self.